The biology, damage and within-tree distribution on the spruce bud midge on black spruce in Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spruce bud midge ( Rhabdophaga swainei ) has one generation a year on black spruce ( Picea mariana ) in Newfoundland. Newly hatched larvae enter primordia of flushing buds in late June and early July and larvae mature by fall to overwinter within buds. Pupation occurs within buds the following spring and adults emerge in June. Virgin females averaged 86 eggs upon dissection. Platygaster rhabdophagae, Mesopolobus sp., Torymus sp., and Tetrastichus sp. were responsible for high parasitism levels of spruce bud midge larvae. Terminal buds were attacked significantly more than lateral or uppermost lateral buds. The number of infested buds was significantly higher in the top third of the crown than in the bottom crown third, but was not significantly different among north, east, south and west crown exposures. The apical meristem never developed in infested buds, and these buds did not flush. The growth of bud primordial cells is redirected by R. swainei to produce gall tissues that provide nutrients and an overwintering shelter for the larva. Attack of the terminal leader causes a slight loss in height growth but normal leader growth resumes the following year.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".