Coculture with Primary Visceral Rat Adipocytes from Control But Not Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Animals Increases Glucose Uptake in Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells: Role of Adiponectin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We developed a coculture system comprising primary rat adipocytes and L6 rat skeletal muscle cells to allow investigation of the effects of physiologically relevant mixtures of adipokines. We observed that coculture, or adipocyte-conditioned media, increased glucose uptake in muscle cells. An adipokine that could potentially mediate this effect is adiponectin, and we demonstrated that small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of adiponectin receptor-2 in muscle cells reduced the uptake of glucose upon coculture with primary rat adipocytes. Analysis of coculture media by ELISA indicated total adiponectin concentration of up to 1 microg/ml, and Western blotting and gel filtration analysis demonstrated that the adipokine profile was hexamer greater than high molecular weight much greater than trimer. We used the streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes and found that high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels decreased in comparison with control animals and this correlated with the fact that diabetic rat-derived primary adipocytes in coculture did not stimulate glucose uptake to the same extent as control adipocytes. Coculture induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (T172) and interestingly also insulin receptor substrate-1 (Y612) and Akt (T308 & S473), which could be attenuated after adiponectin receptor-2-small interfering RNA treatment. In summary, we believe that this coculture system represents an excellent model to study the effects of primary adipocyte-derived adipokine mixtures on skeletal muscle metabolism, and here we have established that in the context of physiologically relevant mixtures of adipokines, adiponectin may be an important determinant of positive cross talk between adipocytes and skeletal muscle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".