Piezoresponse force microscopic study of ferroelectric (1 − <i>x</i>)Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 − <i>x</i>PbTiO3 and Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 single crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The microscopic piezoelectric response and ferroelectric domain switching in the (001)-oriented rhombohedral piezo-/ferroelectric (1 − x)Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 − xPbTiO3 (PSN-PT) and relaxor Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PSN) single crystals were studied by piezoresponse force microscopy. PSN-PT shows clear domain structures while the domain contrast of PSN is very weak. For PSN-PT, after being fully poled vertically, its lateral domain structure is still composed of a multi-domain state. Both PSN-PT and PSN crystals respond to positive and negative DC field drives through piezoelectricity. However, their poling behaviors are different. For PSN-PT, during successive applications of a positive external electric field, the areas with piezoresponse in phase with the electric field grow at the expense of domains of opposite piezoresponse, implying a domain switching process via sideway motion of domain walls. On the other hand, in the PSN single crystal, the piezoresponse contrast of the alternatively poled area shows a uniformly fading and enhancing pattern, depending on the direction of the polarization component of the domains relative to the external field. While the domain pattern of PSN-PT and its evolution under an external field behave like a normal ferroelectric material, the domain structure and domain evolution process of PSN appear to be abnormal for a ferroelectric, but consistent with the character of a relaxor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".