First Report of Angular Leaf Spot Caused by <i>Phaeoisariopsis griseola</i> on Bean in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the summer of 2000, brown, angular-shaped leaf spots, frequently surrounded by a chlorotic halo, were observed in commercial fields of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Ontario, Canada. Brown synematta (30 to 60 μm × 160 to 330 μm) and brown conidia (2 to 5 septate, usually curved, 5 to 7.3 μm × 35 to 66 μm) from the underside of diseased leaves were plated onto V8 agar. Within 3 to 4 days, dark olive green colonies formed, and after 10 to 14 days, white mycelial growth occurred on the upper surface of colonies, and colonies appeared gray. The causal agent was tentatively identified as Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, the cause of angular leaf spot of bean, and this identification was later confirmed by the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, The Netherlands. New colonies of the fungus were started by streaking conidia across plates of V8 agar and new conidia were produced within 36 h. Conidial suspensions of 1 × 105 conidia/ml were sprayed onto leaves of green bean varieties Goldrush, Strike, Bronco, and Gold Mine. Plants were placed in a mist chamber at 20 ± 2°C for 11 days and then kept at high humidity for four more days. Lesions were observed 8 to 10 days after treatment and synematta developed 12 to 14 days after treatment. Disease symptoms and synematta were observed on all bean varieties tested. P. griseola was reisolated from inoculated plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of angular leaf spot occurring on P. vulgaris in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".