Test–retest reliability of pulse wave velocity in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which reflects arterial stiffness, is an important predictor of future coronary artery disease. The test-retest reliability of PWV has not been investigated in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). PURPOSE: To report the test-retest (day-to-day) reliability of PWV measurements among people with SCI, and to determine the smallest real difference (SRD) of PWV values. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty men (n = 19) and a woman (n = 1) with SCI (C4-T10; AIS A-D; ≥ 1-year post-injury; 10 with paraplegia and 10 with tetraplegia; time post-injury: 11.8 ± 8.7 years; age: 43.0 ± 12.6 years). METHODS: On two occasions within a 2-week period, aortic PWV (between the common carotid and femoral artery), arm PWV (between the brachial and radial artery), and leg PWV (between femoral and posterior tibial artery) were assessed at the same time of day using Doppler flowmeters. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between days 1 and 2 in aortic PWV (day 1: 941 ± 185 cm/seconds, day 2: 917 ± 160 cm/seconds, P = 0.257), leg PWV (day 1: 1088 ± 141 cm/seconds, day 2: 1122 ± 165 cm/seconds, P = 0.099) and arm PWV (day 1: 1283 ± 185 cm/seconds, day 2: 1358 ± 256 cm/seconds, P = 0.180). The aortic and leg PWVs had high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: ICC = 0.920 and 0.913, respectively; P < 0.001 for both) and arm PWV had moderate test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.598, P = 0.03). SRDs for each PWV were 104 cm/seconds (aortic PWV), 97 cm/seconds (leg PWV) and 143 cm/seconds (arm PWV). CONCLUSION: The test-retest reliability of PWV assessment is high among patients with chronic SCI. Changes in aortic PWV values above 104 cm/seconds with repeated testing like represent true changes in health status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".