The tolerance and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> accumulation by Trichoderma atroviride and <i>Mortierella exigua</i> isolated from contaminated soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies on tolerance to and bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals by filamentous fungi, as a result of natural adaptation and improved resistance of fungal cells. The fungal communities were selected from soils highly contaminated with Zn, Ba and Fe in the vicinity of the chemical plant in Tarnowskie Gory (South Poland, the Silesia Region). The isolates of Trichoderma atroviride and Mortierella exigua were most frequently present in soil with high contents of metals; however, they did not occur in non-contaminated soil samples. The metal tolerance of fungi was determined by measuring growth by means of mycelium diameter on solid medium, dry weight of mycelium on Czapek-Dox solid and Sabouraud liquid media amended with increasing concentrations of Zn 2+ , Ba 2+ and Fe 3+ up to 1000 mg L -1 . Zn 2+ , Ba 2+ and Fe 3+ affected the fungal growth, dry weight and metal uptake. The studied fungi were able to grow at high Zn 2+ and Ba 2+ , but not Fe concentrations. The weight of biomass was dependent on the medium used. The highest accumulation by both T. atroviride and M. exigua was found in the case of Ba 2+ . Maximal concentrations in T. atroviride mycelium were 21.3, 25.0 and 4.5 mg g -1 , in the case of Zn 2+ , Ba 2+ and Fe, respectively. Maximal concentrations in M. exigua mycelium were equal to 32.9 mg L -1 (Zn 2+ ), 15.3 mg L -1 (Ba 2+ ) and 1.2 mg g -1 (Fe 3+ ). Worldwide occurrence of T. atroviride and M. exigua and their easy adaptation to different conditions is promising for their use as bioagents in remediation processes. Key words: Heavy metals, Trichoderma atroviride, Mortierella exigua, tolerance, bioaccumulation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".