Expression of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Is Increased in Acute Lung Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe form of diffuse lung disease, which imposes a substantial health burden all over the world. The immune system plays a key role in the development of ALI. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in ALI. Levels of CTLA4 were tested on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 62 ALI cases and 75 healthy controls by flow cytometry. Data revealed that prevalence of CTLA4 on CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in ALI patients (3.7%±2.1%) than in controls (0.7%±0.3%). Similarly, the proportion of CTLA4 on CD8+ T cells was also significantly elevated in cases (1.0%±0.4% versus 0.5%±0.1%, p<0.05). Further analysis showed that the frequency of CTLA4+CD4+ T cells was positively correlated with the score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (p=0.0005). In addition, when investigating CTLA4 expression with ALI patient mortality, we observed that the level of CTLA4+CD4+ T cells in patients was higher at the time before death than at the time of recruitment (p=0.001). These data suggested that CTLA4 was involved in the pathogenesis and progression of ALI and could be used as a potential target for treating this disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".