Supergene transformed naphthides: Peculiarities of trace-element composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Available data on the transformation of naphthides (oils and bitumens) in various petroleum basins (PB) during supergene processes were generalized to reveal their characteristic features for more accurate prediction of pool preservation and commercial quality of oils as hydrocarbon raw material enriched in economically significant toxic metals. Using petroleum basins of the United States, Canada, Brazil, Venezuela, Nigeria, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenia as examples, itwas demonstrated that trace-element concentrations and ratios as well as metalloporphyrin complexes (MPC), including vanadium (Vp) and nickel (Nip) ones, which are associated with heavy resinous-asphaltene components of oils, serve as geochemical criteria of supergene transformed fluids. During supergenesis, oils show differential enrichment in metals. Considerable enrichment in V, Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, and other trace elements as well as MPC were found in oils generated by sapropel organic matter (OM) and initially enriched in metals (deposits of the South Tatar arch of the Volga-Urals, Buzachi arch, Afghan-Tajik Basin, and Marakaibo petroleum province of Venezuela). Oils initially depleted in trace elements and usually generated by humic OM also show increase in trace elements, but their concentrations are 1–3 orders of magnitude lower than those in enriched oils (oil fields in the coastal basins of Nigeria and Brazil). It was shown that supergene transformed fluids are well deciphered on the basis of a complex use of hydrocarbon and trace element criteria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".