Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Polymorphisms Previously Associated with Reduced HIV Susceptibility Have No Effect on HIV Disease Progression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is induced by HIV early in the infection process and serves two functions: transactivation of the HIV-1 genome and thus replication, and eliciting antiviral innate immune responses. We previously described three IRF1 polymorphisms that correlate with reduced IRF1 expression and reduced HIV susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether IRF1 polymorphisms previously associated with reduced HIV susceptibility play a role in HIV pathogenesis and disease progression in HIV-infected ART-naïve individuals. METHODS: IRF1 genotyping for polymorphisms (619, MS and 6516) was performed by PCR in 847 HIV positive participants from a sex worker cohort in Nairobi, Kenya. Rates of CD4+ T cell decline and viral loads (VL) were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS: Three polymorphisms in the IRF1, located at 619, microsatellite region and 6516 of the gene, previously associated with decreased susceptibility to HIV infection show no effect on disease progression, either measured by HIV-1 RNA levels or the slopes of CD4 decline before treatment initiation. CONCLUSION: Whereas these three polymorphisms in the IRF1 gene protect against HIV-1 acquisition, they appear to exert no discernable effects once infection is established.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".