Multiple isoforms of UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase in rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPases, EC 2.7.7.9) are key enzymes in plant carbohydrate metabolism and cell‐wall biosynthesis, catalyzing the reversible production of glucose‐1‐phosphate and uridine triphosphate from UDP‐glucose and pyrophosphate. In the study presented here, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by peptide sequencing analysis using nanospray electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry showed that rice ( Oryza sativa L.) UGPase undergoes N‐terminal acetylation, which may be a conserved modification of plant UGPases. We also obtained indications, using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with western blot analysis, that multiple isoforms of UGPase are present in rice in vivo and are regulated tissue‐specifically. The rice genome contains two homologous UGPase genes, OsUgp1 and OsUgp2 . We present evidence that both OsUgp1 and OsUgp2 are ubiquitously expressed throughout rice development, and that OsUgp1 is expressed at much higher levels than OsUgp2 . In accordance with the gene expression patterns, the UGPase isoform derived from the OsUgp1 gene predominated in various rice tissues and exhibited qualitative variations (position shifts and presence/absence) between rice varieties B5 and Taichung native 1 (TN1). Our results demonstrate that these qualitative variations are attributable to a single amino acid substitution of Asp‐462 in B5 by His in TN1, corresponding to the allelic difference in the OsUgp1 gene between B5 and TN1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".