EXPOSURE TO CARBON MONOXYDE DURING RECREATIONAL INDOOR KARTING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ISEE-7 Introduction: The use of motorized vehicles indoors is likely to generate contamination from combustion products, particularly carbon monoxide (CO). Many papers described high CO concentrations in indoor skating rinks during their daily activities (hockey, figure skating) or during special exhibitions events (Moto-cross, Monster truck exhibition). Karting is a sport which increases in popularity. It is performed outdoors but also indoors. There are no data in the literature about the body burden of CO induced by the practice of indoor karting. Methods: After signing a consent form, 10 male (age: 15 to 49 years old) non smokers participated in the study. They had to race for 45 minutes, the maximum length of time for a race in the centre visited. To evaluate the CO body burden, the alveolar CO (alvCO) was measured within 5 minutes before and after the race. With the method used, 5.4 ppm alvCO = 1% COHb. The difference between the two results represented the body burden of CO during the race (Delta alvCO). Ambient concentrations of CO were measured continuously from the start to the end of the race with two detectors located at each half of the track. Results: Mean level of ambient air concentrations was 41 ppm for the 45 minutes of exposure during the race. Mean level of alvCO for the racers before and after the race were respectively 8.0 ppm (SD = 1.6) and 24.2 ppm (SD = 2.8) for a Delta alvCO of 16.2 ppm (SD = 3.1). Discussion: In evaluating the exposure of the population and the acceptability of the results in a public health perspective, one must consider the duration of exposure and the intensity of the activity of the persons exposed. The World Health Organisation suggests to protect the general population to limit exposure to CO to maintain the blood COHb concentrations under 2.5%. When exposed to a mean of 41 ppm in ambient air, the mean of Delta alvCO was 16.2 ppm (3% COHb) for the subjects of this study: almost the same value predicted by the Coburn model for a subject doing heavy physical work for the same time and the same exposure. Therefore, based on the same model, we suggest a reference limit of 25 ppm, an exposure that would correspond to a COHb concentration of 2.2% for an exposure of 60 minutes for a subject doing heavy physical work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".