Molecular evolution of phytoplasmas based on polymorphisms in the 16S rRNA genes and the 16/23S spacer regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the reclassification and molecular evolution of phytoplasmas based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and 16/23S spacer region. Analyses of the secondary structure of 16S rRNA among 23 phytoplasmas revealed 308 polymorphisms of which two thirds were located in nine highly variable regions. The 16/23S spacer region comprised two highly conserved regions and a highly conserved tRNAIle gene. Nucleotide deletion/insertions of various lengths occurred only between the highly conserved regions, resulting in 16/23S spacer regions with varying lengths among different phytoplasmas. Phylogenetic analysis on the alignments of secondary structure of 16S rRNA established a tree with ten major groups that had high confidence values. The branching patterns and differences in the 16S rRNA sequence homology greater than 2.5% established 10 major groups among the 23 phytoplasmas. We hypothesize that phytoplasmas evolved independently from a common ancestor into two branches: one branch consisting of the aster yellows and stolbur groups, and the others as a second branch.(Communicated by Eishiro SHIKATA, M. J. A., June 10, 2003)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".