Specificity of Phospholipase D Activation by Cholecystokinin and Phorbol Myristate Acetate but Not by Carbamylcholine and A23187 in Rat Pancreatic Acini
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin and the muscarinic agonist carbamylcholine are involved in pancreatic enzyme secretion through phospholipase C activation and production of the second messengers inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. However, cholecystokinin induces growth of the pancreas whereas carbamylcholine does not. This study investigated the possibility of a specific cellular signalling transduction system through which cholecystokinin may induce pancreatic growth. Rat pancreatic acini were preincubated with 3H choline or 3H myristic acid to label phosphatidylcholine. They were then stimulated by caerulein, phorbol myristate acetate, and carbamylcholine; choline and phosphocholine release as well as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanol production were measured to establish phospholipase D (PLD) activation. Caerulein, phorbolester and carbamylcholine increased phosphocholine release. Choline release was induced early by caerulein and later by phorbolester but not by carbachol. PLD was activated by caerulein and phorbolester but not by carbamylcholine. Increased intracellular calcium by A23187 had no effect on PLD activation but its chelation by BAPTA prevented caerulein-induced PLD activation. In conclusion, PLD seems to be selectively activated by caerulein and phorbol ester by two different mechanisms which are insensitive to carbamylcholine. It is suggested that the PLD pathway might be the cellular signalling system leading to pancreatic growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".