Parasite-like associations in rocky intertidal assemblages: implications for escalated gastropod defenses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 399:199-209 (2010) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08352 Parasite-like associations in rocky intertidal assemblages: implications for escalated gastropod defenses Jonathan A. D. Fisher* Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6018, USAPresent address: Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, CanadaMailing address: Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada *Email: jonathan.fisher@queensu.ca ABSTRACT: Escalated prey defenses occur within multi-species assemblages but are largely evaluated by considering only direct interactions between predator and prey. If additional species compromise prey defenses, they might indirectly facilitate predation. Since the introduction of green crabs Carcinus maenas in the northwest Atlantic, many intertidal mollusks including the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus have acquired shell traits that have been interpreted as escalated defenses against this shell-crushing predator. I examined whether ‘parasite-like’ spionid polychaetes (Polydora sp.), which bore into and reside in dogwhelk shells but feed externally, indirectly facilitated predation by crabs. Small collections of dogwhelks from 19 sites around the Gulf of Maine (USA) revealed Polydora infestations at 16 sites. Intensive collections at 1 site showed that Polydora disproportionately infested large dogwhelks that are normally most resistant to predation. Presenting paired non-infested and fully-infested (Polydora bore holes in shell spire and siphonal canal) dogwhelks to individual crabs revealed that fully-infested individuals had significantly shorter times until first observed handling and shorter survival durations. In trials where single dogwhelks survived, they were always non-infested and their shell size scaled positively with crab size. These results suggest that Polydora increased both the size-specific susceptibility of dogwhelks to predation and the critical size of snails vulnerable to a given sized crab. Although Polydora altered this predator–prey interaction, mechanical tests showed no significant effect of Polydora on shell strength, so mechanical tests alone are not a reliable way to evaluate defensive traits. Since prey defenses can be modified by additional species, evaluations of changing shell defenses must consider both direct and indirect interactions. KEY WORDS: Predation · Parasitism · Morphological defenses · Direct and indirect effects · Shell size · Introduced species Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Fisher JAD (2010) Parasite-like associations in rocky intertidal assemblages: implications for escalated gastropod defenses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 399:199-209. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08352Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 399. Online publication date: January 28, 2010 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2010 Inter-Research.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".