Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large body of biochemical, kinetic and molecular information, accumulated over the course of more than 80 years, has produced valuable insights into the relationship between the structures and the catalytic functions of the human arylamine N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2. Much of the groundwork for the determination of human NAT structures and functions was provided by seminal biochemical and enzyme kinetic studies in both human and non-human model systems, the cloning and primary amino acid sequence determination of eukaryotic and prokaryotic NATs, the characterization of naturally occurring and artificially mutated forms of human NATs, elucidation of the crystal structures of several prokaryotic NAT orthologues, and information that has been derived from cross-species comparisons. In 2007 the progress of these studies was aided substantially by the successful crystallization and direct structural analysis of human NAT1 and NAT2. The purpose of this review is to give a brief historical perspective, to summarize our current understanding of human NAT structures and functions based on both earlier and more recent work, and to provide some future insights into the potential applications of this information to the prediction of therapeutic and toxic outcomes associated with the acetylation of primary aromatic amine- and hydrazine-containing chemicals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".