Asymmetries in strong-field photoionization by few-cycle laser pulses: Kinetic-energy spectra and semiclassical explanation of the asymmetries of fast and slow electrons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using numerical solutions of a time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for a hydrogen atom in a linearly polarized few-cycle laser field, we calculate the left-right photoelectron kinetic-energy spectra measured by two opposing detectors placed along the laser polarization vector, with laser focus in the center. The fastest electrons show huge asymmetries strongly dependent on the laser carrier-envelope (CE) phase which confirms the recent theoretical results [D. B. Milosevic et al., Opt. Express 11, 1418 (2003)], obtained from a modified strong field approximation model which includes rescattering by the Coulomb potential. This asymmetry can also be explained by a simple semiclassical model in which the electron after tunneling through a potential barrier returns to the proton and is elastically backscattered in the presence of the laser field thus acquiring energy close $10{U}_{p}$ where ${U}_{p}$ is the electron ponderomotive energy in the laser field. We also present a semiclassical interpretation of counterintuitive left-right asymmetries of slow electrons discussed in our previous work [Phys. Rev. A. 70, 013815 (2004)]. Our analysis shows that the Coulomb attraction from the proton must be included in the standard tunneling model in order to account for the CE phase dependent angular asymmetry seen in our previous numerical calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".