Aerosol Enrichment of the Surfactant PFO and Mediation of the Water−Air Transport of Gaseous PFOA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aerosol-mediated transport of perfluorooctanoate (PFO) from a water body to the atmosphere and the subsequent emission of gas-phase perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was investigated. The potential for this process to facilitate long-range transport of PFOA/PFO was assessed. In a laboratory experiment, aerosols were generated and collected from deionized, fresh, and ocean waters spiked with PFO and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Gas-phase samples were also collected from the system and analyzed for PFOA. Aerosols were found to have significantly higher concentrations of PFO than the parent water body (< or = 80 times for ocean waters). The PFOA, at equilibrium with the PFO in the aqueous aerosol, partitioned rapidly (t 1/2 = 7.2 s) out of the aerosol droplet. This suggests that rainout rates are likely to be longer than previously hypothesized. These results imply that water bodies are not a permanent sink for atmospheric PFOA as previous studies have suggested. The occurrence of contamination in remote regions may not depend solely on the previously hypothesized indirect sources but also on the long-range transport, via the gas phase, of direct releases of PFOA to both the aquatic and atmospheric environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".