STATISTICS OF THE WATER SUPPLIES OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC [with DISCUSSION]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Province of Quebec has a population distributed as follows: 18 cities with 1,101,200, 81 towns with 178,400, 220 villages with 158,400, 887 rural municipalities with 942,000, making a total of 2,380,000. The population of the cities and towns is then 53.7 per cent of the total population, leaving 46.3 per cent as rural population. There are 440 water supplies in the province, but half of them are small, serving only a few houses in some cases. According to the data available, 59 per cent of the population of the province is served by water-works, and 41 per cent use shallow or tubular wells. A special study of the water supplies of cities, towns and villages with a population of over 500 inhabitants shows that there are 230 such municipalities, and 192 of them, with a combined population of 1,383,700, have water-works. It is interesting to note from table 1 how the various sources of supply have been utilized. Of the total population served by water-works, 86 per cent is supplied with river water, a very high percentage. This is due to the fact that, with four exceptions, all the cities use river water. When the water-works were installed, some forty years ago, the rivers were fairly clean and the necessity of pure water was not as well understood as it is today. The towns were built on the shores of large rivers offering a water supply of good appearance, and consequently the rivers were used in preference to more distant sources of supply. The lakes, on the other hand, have not been fully utilized, when it is considered that only 3.8 per cent of the population is supplied from such a source. The numerous lakes all over the province offer a first class supply; but unfortunately, these lakes are not near the large centers of population. Twenty water-works use lake water, but they serve mostly small towns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".