Space charge layer dynamics at oxide-semiconductor interfaces under optical modulation: Theory and experimental studies by non-contact photocarrier radiometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dynamic theory of the optically modulated space charge layer (SCL) resulting from band-bending at a Si - SiO 2 interface was developed in terms of the density of interface charges occupying bandgap energy states. Expressions were derived for these interface charge densities, interacting with the free carrier-density-wave generated in the SCL and in the quasi-neutral region (hulk) by an intensity-modulated super-bandgap laser. The PCR theory incorporating these effects was further developed. It was found to involve the dc, fundamental, and entire harmonic spectrum of the excitation frequency as a result of the optical modulation of the curvature of the energy bands and the SCL width at the interface. PCR was used experimentally with a harmonically modulated low-power laser pump and a superposed dc super-bandgap optical bias (a secondary laser beam) to control and monitor the space-charge-layer width in oxidized p-Si - SiO 2 and n-Si - SiO 2 interfaces (wafers) exhibiting charged interface-state related band-bending. The application of the theory to the experiments yielded the various transport parameters of the samples as well as depth profiles of the SCL exhibiting complete (p-type Si) or partial (n-type Si) band-flattening, to a degree controlled by the widely different minority carrier capture cross-section at each interface. The uncompensated charge density at the interface was also calculated from the theory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".