Impact of <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> Infection on Soybean Leaf Photosynthesis and Radiation Absorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yield loss in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] due to soybean rust (SBR) (caused by Phakospora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd.) has been associated with reduced radiation interception and reduced radiation use efficiency by green leaf area. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in the SBR‐induced reductions in radiation use efficiency by quantifying the effect of SBR on (i) absorption of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and (ii) carbon exchange rate (CER) per unit absorbed PPFD of soybean leaves. A controlled‐environment study was conducted using a split‐plot design with three replications over time, with two disease levels as main plots and two soybean cultivars as subplots. The two disease levels were a disease‐free control and inoculation with P. pachyrhizi . Measurements included leaf CER, PPFD absorptance, and chlorophyll fluorescence. As disease severity increased, there was a small linear decline in leaf absorptance and a negative exponential decline in leaf CER. At 50% disease severity, absorptance was reduced by 10% and CER was reduced by 68% compared with the disease‐free control. The relative decline in CER was similar at low and saturating PPFD levels. Soybean rust–induced reductions in CER were mainly associated with lower efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and damage to PSII reaction centers. Therefore, visual indicators such as light absorptance and disease severity do not reflect the degree of impact of SBR on leaf photosynthesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".