Sewage sludge treatment using microwave‐enhanced advanced oxidation processes with and without ferrous sulfate addition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Microwave‐enhanced advanced oxidation processes with and without the addition of ferrous sulfate (MW/H2O2/Fe2+‐AOP and MW/H2O2‐AOP respectively) were studied for reduction of solids and solubilisation of nutrients from secondary sewage sludge. RESULTS: For the MW/H2O2/Fe2+‐AOP the yields of solubilisation of orthophosphate and ammonia decreased with increasing temperature. The best results (88.1 mg L−1 for orthophosphate and 22.7 mg L−1 for ammonia) were obtained at a treatment temperature of 40 °C. In contrast, the MW/H2O2‐AOP had an advantage when it was operated at higher temperatures of 60 and 80 °C. The highest yields of solubilisation were obtained at 60 °C for orthophosphate (81.1 mg L−1) and at 80 °C for both ammonia (35.0 mg L−1) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (1954 mg L−1). Over the temperature range used in this study, the MW/H2O2‐AOP gave a better performance than the MW/H2O2/Fe2+‐AOP. CONCLUSION: For sewage sludge treatment the MW/H2O2‐AOP is more effective than the MW/H2O2/Fe2+‐AOP in terms of solid reduction and nutrient solubilisation. It will also be more cost‐effective, as it does not require iron addition in the process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".