Sewage sludge treatment using microwave‐enhanced advanced oxidation processes with and without ferrous sulfate addition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Microwave‐enhanced advanced oxidation processes with and without the addition of ferrous sulfate (MW/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ‐AOP and MW/H 2 O 2 ‐AOP respectively) were studied for reduction of solids and solubilisation of nutrients from secondary sewage sludge. RESULTS: For the MW/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ‐AOP the yields of solubilisation of orthophosphate and ammonia decreased with increasing temperature. The best results (88.1 mg L −1 for orthophosphate and 22.7 mg L −1 for ammonia) were obtained at a treatment temperature of 40 °C. In contrast, the MW/H 2 O 2 ‐AOP had an advantage when it was operated at higher temperatures of 60 and 80 °C. The highest yields of solubilisation were obtained at 60 °C for orthophosphate (81.1 mg L −1 ) and at 80 °C for both ammonia (35.0 mg L −1 ) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (1954 mg L −1 ). Over the temperature range used in this study, the MW/H 2 O 2 ‐AOP gave a better performance than the MW/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ‐AOP. CONCLUSION: For sewage sludge treatment the MW/H 2 O 2 ‐AOP is more effective than the MW/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ‐AOP in terms of solid reduction and nutrient solubilisation. It will also be more cost‐effective, as it does not require iron addition in the process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".