Response of a Least Bittern<i>(Ixobrychus exilis)</i>Population to Interannual Water Level Fluctuations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) is a threatened species in Canada under the Species at Risk Act and breeds in manmade impoundments on Department of National Defence land in Nicolet/Baie-du-Febvre, Québec, a designated Migratory Bird Sanctuary. We conducted Least Bittern call-broadcast surveys in three adjacent basins in these impoundments from 2004 to 2006. Least Bittern abundance greatly fluctuated between these years with a maximum of 37 individuals in 2004, 16 in 2005, and increasing to 32 individuals in 2006, translating into 38, 18 and 31 estimated breeding pairs. A breach in a dyke occurred on the larger basin in the fall of 2004 where most Least Bitterns were detected, which decreased the water level of the marsh and altered the habitat structure the following spring. The dyke was repaired in the fall of 2005 followed by a significant increase in the water level. The fluctuating Least Bittern abundance observed during these years suggests a rapid response of the local population to interannual changes in water level and habitat structure. Water-level management may be necessary to ensure long-term ecological integrity of artificial wetlands but management activities should be conducted outside the breeding season to ensure that the Least Bittern's reproductive needs are fulfilled.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".