Bibliographic record
Abstract
HE cultivated varieties of barley have a low chromosome number T (2n = 14).They are autogamous and belong among the oldest of inan's domes tic plants.In thousands of generations the cultivated species have been closely dependent upon the activities of man, and it seems probable that the selection process in barley has been different from that in wild species.Such differences between wild species and old domestic ones may conceivably have influenced the phylogeny and, thus.the whole set-up of genes within the species.In previous papers the present author has published a study of the PI of a large number of crosses between pure lines in some Galeopsis species (HAGBERG, 1952 a and b).These species are wild and mainly autogamous, with the chromosome numbers 2n = 16 and 2x1 =32.It seemed to be of interest to make a similar study of the F,'s of a number of crosses between barley lines, for the sake of comparison, and the study here presented was started in 1945.The problems to be studied in the investigation as a whole were listed in the papers mentioned and the general aim has directed also the planning of the present experiments.The following questions were especially the object of the studies: ( I ) Where is hybrid vigour to he found; in this case: is it to be found in barley and, if so, in which or what type of combinations?(2) Is the hybrid vigour equally marked in diploid and in tetraploid species?(3) Is there any relation between the degrees of geographical and ecological differentiation between the parent lines and the degree of hybrid vigour in F,? (4) Is there any relation between the degree of reduction in fertility and that of hybrid vigour in F,? (5) At which stages of development and in which characters does hybrid vigour become evident? (6)Is F , more variable than the parent lines?(7) Is there any monofactorial hybrid vigour?In planning the work the intention was, besides the comparison between wild and doniestic species, to use the barley material to elucidate some of the problems, which could not conveniently be studied in Galeopsis.In the first hand F , has been compared with the parent lines but in some crosses it has also been possible to compare Heredilo 7 XXXI.\,21
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".