Direct Measurement of Microstructural Avalanches during the Martensitic Transition of Cobalt Using Coherent X-Ray Scattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heterogeneous microscale dynamics in the martensitic phase transition of cobalt is investigated with real-time x-ray scattering. During the transformation of the high-temperature face-centered cubic phase to the low-temperature hexagonal close-packed phase, the structure factor evolution suggests that an initial rapid local transformation is followed by a slower period during which strain relaxes. Coherent x-ray scattering measurements performed during the latter part of the transformation show that the kinetics is dominated by discontinuous sudden changes-avalanches. The spatial size of observed avalanches varies widely, from 100 nm to 10 μm, the size of the x-ray beam. An empirical avalanche amplitude quantifies this behavior, exhibiting a power-law distribution. The avalanche rate decreases with inverse time since the onset of the transformation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".