Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".