Surgical Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects: The Cutting Edge?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between January 1985 and November 1998, 270 patients (aged 2 to 220 months) underwent surgical closure of a secundum atrial septal defect. Cardiopulmonary bypass times ranged from 12 to 103 minutes, with aortic crossclamp times of 5 to 49 minutes. Use of blood products decreased from 2.7 units per patient in the first 5 years to 0.2 units in the last 4 years. Median intensive care unit and hospital stays were 2 days and 6 days, respectively. Complications included: bleeding in 6 patients (2%), which required reexploration in 3; air embolism in 1; and arrhythmias in 4. Postpericardiotomy syndrome occurred in 43 patients (16%), requiring drainage in 5. Follow-up (12 to 179 months) was available in 245 patients (91%). There were no early or late deaths. Most patients (94%) were in sinus rhythm, 8 had low atrial rhythm, 3 had first-degree atrioventricular block, and 1 had atrial flutter. Echocardiography in 207 patients (77%) demonstrated a residual shunt in 1 (0.5%), which was hemodynamically insignificant. Late reoperation was required in 4 patients for sternal nonunion. Surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect remains the gold standard with which transcatheter closure should be compared, particularly with reference to morbidity and residual shunts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".