Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Perspective “The coming arctic invasion” (8 August, p. [780][1]), G. J. Vermeij and P. D. Roopnarine discuss the possibility of trans-Arctic biological invasions caused by the recent episode of climate warming. We wish to add that this interoceanic exchange may have already begun ([1][2]). In 1999, the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey, a pan-oceanic long-term marine monitoring program ([2][3]), documented the presence of a Pacific diatom ( Neodenticula seminae ) in the Labrador/Irminger seas, between Canada and Greenland. This planktonic diatom is abundant in the cool waters of the North Pacific and the Bering Sea. The species has since spread south to Georges Bank and east to the south of Iceland. According to records from the deep-sea drilling program, N. seminae last lived in the North Atlantic between 1.2 million and 800,000 years ago. Its recent return to the North Atlantic could therefore be the first evidence of a trans-Arctic migration and a possible harbinger of an inundation of the North Atlantic with foreign organisms, as happened during the Pliocene trans-Arctic interchange ([3][4]). This interoceanic dispersal has been attributed to the Arctic's recent diminishing ice cover and changing wind pattern ([1][2]). The reappearance of N. seminae in the North Atlantic, and its subsequent establishment over a large area of the subpolar biome, could be an indicator of the scale and speed of changes that are taking place in the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans as a response to climate warming ([4][5]). 1. 1.[↵][6] 1. P. C. Reid 2. et al. , Glob. Change Biol. 13, 1910 (2007). [OpenUrl][7] 2. 2.[↵][8] 1. P. C. Reid, 2. J. M. Colebrook, 3. J.B. L. Matthews, 4. J. Aiken , Prog. Oceanogr. 58, 117 (2003). [OpenUrl][9][CrossRef][10][Web of Science][11] 3. 3.[↵][12] 1. G. J. Vermeij , Paleobiology 17, 281 (1991). [OpenUrl][13][Abstract][14] 4. 4.[↵][15] 1. J. E. Overland, 2. M. Wang, 3. S. Salo , Tellus 60A, 589 (2008). [OpenUrl][16] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1160852 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #ref-3 [5]: #ref-4 [6]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text [7]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGlob.%2BChange%2BBiol.%26rft.volume%253D13%26rft.spage%253D1910%26rft.atitle%253DGLOB%2BCHANGE%2BBIOL%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [8]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2. in text [9]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DProg.%2BOceanogr.%26rft.volume%253D58%26rft.spage%253D117%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.pocean.2003.08.002%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [10]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.pocean.2003.08.002&link_type=DOI [11]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000186678300002&link_type=ISI [12]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3. in text [13]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPaleobiology%26rft.stitle%253DPaleobiology%26rft.issn%253D0094-8373%26rft.aulast%253DVermeij%26rft.auinit1%253DG.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D17%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D281%26rft.epage%253D307%26rft.atitle%253DAnatomy%2Bof%2Ban%2Binvasion%253B%2Bthe%2Btrans-Arctic%2Binterchange%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [14]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTA6ImdzcGFsZW9iaW8iO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6ODoiMTcvMy8yODEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL3NjaS8zMjIvNTkwMS81MjguMy5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30= [15]: #xref-ref-4-1 View reference 4. in text [16]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DTellus%26rft.volume%253D60A%26rft.spage%253D589%26rft.atitle%253DTELLUS%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".