Bibliographic record
Abstract
Access to sources of safe drinking water is imperative to human health and of concern in both developing and developed countries. A myriad of responses have occurred to enhance drinking water safety in Canada over the decade since the Walkerton tragedy. Pressing questions remain about drinking water safety, especially in small systems and private water supplies that fall outside much of the recently implemented regulations. This paper explores the use of cisterns in Canada and their safety as a private means to supply potable drinking water. Knowledge of cistern use in Canada is probed, associated health risks are examined and the ways these risks are being managed are considered. Knowledge of cistern use in Canada at present is nominal. Management and policy considerations need to be advanced alongside further research to better understand and manage risks associated with this source of drinking water. Avoir accès aux sources d’eau potable est nécessaire pour la santé humaine et est une inquiétude importante dans les pays développés et en développement. Une myriade de réponses s’est produite au cours de la décennie depuis la tragédie de Walkerton afin d’améliorer la sécurité de l’eau potable au Canada. Des questions urgentes demeurent quant à la sécurité de l’eau potable, particulièrement dans les petits systèmes et dans les approvisionnements en eau privés qui ne satisfont pas aux plusieurs des règlements récemment mis en place. Cet article examine l’usage des citernes au Canada et leur sécurité en tant que source privée d’eau potable. La connaissance de l’usage des citernes au Canada est sondée, les risques pour la santé associés à ces sources d’eau sont examinés et les façons dont ces risques sont gérés sont explorées. Actuellement, la connaissance de l’usage des citernes au Canada est rudimentaire. La gestion et les considérations de principe ont besoin d’être avancées, accompagné par des recherches plus approfondies afin de mieux comprendre et gérer les risques associés à cette source d’eau potable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".