Arsenate Adsorption Mechanism on Nano-ball Allophane by Langmuir Adsorption Equation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arsenic is considered as the synonym of death. High toxicity of arsenic in nature is a worldwide problem and often referred to as 20th -21st century calamity. High arsenic concentration has been reported recently from USA, China, Chile, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Mexico, Argentina, Poland, Canada, Hungry, Japan and India. Among all the countries Bangladesh and West Bengal of India are at the high risk. Thus arsenic disposal became an important task. In the present study an attempt is made to study the adsorption of toxic arsenic on allophanes.The adsorption of arsenate on a low Si/Al ratio allophane (KyP) was found to be very effective in reducing the amount of arsenic below the toxic level. The examination of adsorption isotherm of arsenate on allophane by Langmuir theory indicated that arsenate adsorption increased with the increasing bulk solution concentration. The observed increase in the pH can be attributed to the ligand exchange on allophane. Aluminol groups, Al-OH or Al-OH2, on allophane are responsible for the adsorption in soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".