Liquid transport based on electrostatic deformation of fluid interfaces
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have developed a method for moving liquid along a surface using purely electrostatic effects, without the need for mechanically moving parts. In this approach, liquid drops are confined to specific regions of the substrate by a printed pattern that has the appropriate hydrophilic and hydrophobic wetting characteristics. Using a variation of well-known electrowetting techniques, the shape of the droplet can be changed by applying an electric field that changes the surface energy relationship. Specifically, a bead of oil confined to a hydrophobic region of the surface can be pinched into drops using localized electrostatic fields, and by changing the applied field pattern, these oil drops can be moved to cause net liquid flow. This approach may have useful applications in heat transfer. We have demonstrated that with drops traveling at approximately 15cm∕s, it is possible to transport heat more effectively than by using an equivalent volume of solid copper.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it