Determination of the proportion of the ingested gross energy lost as exhaled methane by dairy goats consuming contrasting concentrate ingredients in mixed rations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twelve 2-yr-old, dry Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were selected and divided into four equal groups based on similar body weight (38.41 ± 0.78 kg). The four treatments were mixed diets with approximately 600 g kg-1 alfalfa hay chopped to 2.5-cm particle size, and 400 g kg-1 of concentrate. The concentrate has 250 g kg-1 of cereal grain (corn or barley) and 150 g kg-1 of protein (sunflower meal or green peas). Experimental diets were isoenergetic with an average value of 18.9 MJ gross energy (GE) kg-1 of dry matter (DM). Apparent digestibility, intake, metabolic energy and methane (CH4) production were obtained. The effect of cereal grain was significant for crude protein (P < 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (P < 0.049) digestibility. The effect of protein source was significant for DM (P < 0.025), organic matter (P < 0.031) and DEI (P < 0.016) digestibilities. CH4 exhaled was determined by an open-circuit mask calorimeter system. An average value of 0.8 L CH4 h-1 was found for these mixed rations. When this was expressed as the proportion of the ingested GE lost as exhaled methane, the average value was 4.6. Because of the non-significant differences observed among these mixed diets studied to determine exhaled CH4 by non-productive dairy goats, diets based on barley and sunflower meal are recommended. These crops are cheaper than corn and peas because they are produced in Spain and not imported from other countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".