Substorm time scales from polar cap convection measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A recent study by Jayachandran et al. ( Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30 , 2064, 2003) reported repeated and detectable changes in the polar cap convection associated with substorms. We report here our use of ionospheric convection measurements to determine the time scales of growth, expansion, and recovery/reconfiguration associated with the substorms. The average time scales, determined from polar cap convection, associated with growth, expansion, and recovery are 31.6, 22.4, and 38.8 min, respectively. A comparison of the growth and expansion time scales determined from the convection measurements with those determined from the geosynchronous satellite measurements revealed interesting differences. The growth time scale determined from the ionospheric convection measurement is smaller than that of the time scale determined from geosynchronous measurements, whereas the expansion time scale determined using the ionospheric convection is much larger than that of the time scale determined using the geosynchronous measurements. The implications of the results in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (M-I) coupling are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".