Void nucleation at a sequentially plasma-activated silicon/silicon bonded interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two 4 inch silicon wafers were directly bonded using a sequentially plasma-activated bonding method (i.e. O 2 reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma followed by N 2 microwave (MW) radicals) at room temperature. The bonded wafers were annealed from 200 to 900 °C in order to explore the nucleation of voids at the interface. The plasma-induced void nucleation was dominated by O 2 RIE power over O 2 RIE activation time. The thermal-induced void nucleation occurred preferentially at the plasma-induced defect sites. The nucleation of void density was quantitatively determined and explained using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations. The electron energy loss spectroscopy results revealed the existence of silicon oxide at the bonded interface. The reduction in bonding strength after annealing at high temperature is correlated to the increase in void density. The contact angle and surface roughness of the sequentially plasma-treated surfaces have been observed to explain the nucleation of voids and the reduction of bonding strength. The plasma-induced defect sites such as nanopores and craters have been identified using an atomic force microscope.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".