Polyurethane foams derived from liquefied mountain pine beetle‐infested barks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ) bark infested by the mountain pine beetles ( Dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins ) was liquefied using either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyethylene glycol/glycerol (PEG/G) as the solvent. It was found that the addition of glycerol to PEG reduced the residue ratio during bark liquefaction. The liquefied bark fraction obtained by using PEG/G had a slightly higher hydroxyl number than that obtained by using PEG. The residue from PEG/G liquefaction contained less lignin and more cellulose than the residue from PEG liquefaction. Various polyurethane foams containing liquefied bark fractions were made, and it was found that the weight ratios of liquefied bark to pMDI used in foam formulation and bark liquefaction solvents affected the density, gel content, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and the cell structure of the resulting foams. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".