Mechanistic Insights into the Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Ketone Hydroacylation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[Rh((R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS)]BF(4) catalyzes the intramolecular hydroacylation of ketones to afford seven-membered lactones in large enantiomeric excess. Herein, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study to elucidate the mechanism and origin of selectivity in this C-H bond activation process. Evidence is presented for a mechanistic pathway involving three key steps: (1) rhodium(I) oxidative addition into the aldehyde C-H bond, (2) insertion of the ketone CO double bond into the rhodium hydride, and (3) C-O bond-forming reductive elimination. Kinetic isotope effects and Hammett plot studies support that ketone insertion is the turnover-limiting step. Detailed kinetic experiments were performed using both 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) and (R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS as ligands. With dppp, the keto-aldehyde substrate assists in dissociating a dimeric precatalyst 8 and binds an active monomeric catalyst 9. With [Rh((R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS)]BF(4), there is no induction period and both substrate and product inhibition are observed. In addition, competitive decarbonylation produces a catalytically inactive rhodium carbonyl species that accumulates over the course of the reaction. Both mechanisms were modeled with a kinetics simulation program, and the models were consistent with the experimental data. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand more elusive details of this transformation. These simulations support that the ketone insertion step has the highest energy transition state and reveal an unexpected interaction between the carbonyl-oxygen lone pair and a Rh d-orbital in this transition state structure. Finally, a model based on the calculated transition-state geometry is proposed to rationalize the absolute sense of enantioinduction observed using (R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS as the chiral ligand.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it