“Icebergs” or No “Icebergs” in Aqueous Alcohols?: Composition-Dependent Mixing Schemes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The classical concept of “iceberg formation” is modified by our recent thermodynamic studies. The local enhancement of the hydrogen-bond network of H 2 O in the immediate vicinity of small nonelectrolyte solutes (i.e., the “iceberg formation”) is still correct. However, the hydrogen-bond probability of bulk H 2 O away from solutes is reduced progressively, as the solute composition increases. When the hydrogen-bond probability of bulk H 2 O is reduced to the bond percolation threshold of the hexagonal ice connectivity, the hydrogen-bond percolation is lost and a qualitatively different mixing scheme sets in, whereby the solution consists of two kinds of clusters. In the solute-rich region, solute molecules form clusters of its own kind. Thus, the “iceberg formation” is basically correct within a narrow range in the H 2 O-rich region for small nonelectrolyte solutes. Thus, reference made to the “iceberg” concept in recent literatures should be clarified in terms of the concentration range and the size of solute in question.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".