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Record W2074589748 · doi:10.1177/089719002237667

Renal Drug Transport and Drug-Drug Interactions

2002· article· en· W2074589748 on OpenAlex
Patrick T. Ronaldson, Reina Bendayan

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Pharmacy Practice · 2002
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersMerck CanadaCanadian Foundation for AIDS ResearchamfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research
KeywordsReabsorptionDrugRenal physiologyPharmacologyTransporterOrganic anion transporter 1MedicineOrganic cation transport proteinsEffluxSecretionKidneyChemistryBiochemistryInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The kidney plays a vital role in the elimination of xenobiotics including drugs, toxins, and endogenous metabolites. Renal drug elimination involves 3 major processes: glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption. Although glomerular filtration is a simple unidirectional diffusion process, renal tubular secretion and/or reabsorption can involve saturable processes mediated by multiple highly specialized membrane transport systems. Current research has identified that these transport proteins play a significant role in the efficient removal and/or reabsorption of pharmacological agents. Since the majority of membrane transporters have broad substrate specificity, there is a significant risk for drug-drug interactions through competition for similar transport pathways. This article will focus on the cellular expression, localization, and transport properties of various renal drug transport systems (ie, organic anion, organic cation, nucleoside, and adenosine triphosphate [ATP]-dependent efflux transporters). Specific examples of drugs that are transported by each of these mechanisms will be provided. Clinically relevant drug-drug interactions involving renal drug transporters will be discussed to guide the clinician in understanding and preventing these interactions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.253
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.050
GPT teacher head0.382
Teacher spread0.333 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it