L’EFFET DES ACCORDS COMMERCIAUX INTERNATIONAUX SUR LES ACTEURS PUBLICS DU SYSTÈME FÉDÉRAL CANADIEN - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2013vJJp135
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La Constitution du Canada revêt la grande particularité de ne comporter pratiquement aucune disposition sur les affaires étrangères et les relations internationales. Cette étude vise à mettre en lumière les principaux effets que les ACI ont eus sur l’évolution du rôle des principaux acteurs constitutionnels du système fédéral canadien dans la gestion des relations internationales du Canada. Les ACI auront permis à la pratique gouvernementale de se stabiliser sur le plan de la conclusion des traités. Ils auront aussi permis de consacrer le rôle des parlements dans l’application des traités au Canada. Les ACI auront finalement permis de clarifier certaines règles sur l’utilisation des traités par les tribunaux dans l’interprétation du droit canadien.MOT-CLÉS: Accords. Commercieaux. Internationaux-ACI. Constitution du Canada. Affaires Étrangéres. Les relations Internationeles. L'Interpretation du droit Canadien.One striking feature of the Constitution of Canada is the lack of provision on foreign affairs and international relations. This article sheds light on the impact that Trade Agreements had on the evolution of the role of the main constitutional actors of Canada’s federal system in managing her international relations. Trade Agreements contributed to stabilizing the governmental practice in treaty-making. They also helped to reinforcing the role of parliaments in treaty implementation. One last important input of Trade Agreement is clarifying the use of treaties in statutory interpretation by national courts.KEYWORDS: Trade Agreemments. Constitution of Canada. Foreign Affairs and International Relations. Statutory Interpretation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".