Adapting the<scp>D</scp>-dimer cutoff for thrombosis detection in elderly outpatients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
D-dimer measurement is an important step in diagnostic strategies for venous thromboembolism. It allows the safe ruling out of the diagnosis with no need for imaging tests in approximately 30% of outpatients. However, the usefulness of d-dimer is limited in elderly patients; the likelihood of a negative d-dimer strongly decreases with age, making physicians reluctant to order the test. Several attempts to improve the performance of D-dimer in elderly patients have been pursued. Recently, an age-adjusted cutoff was derived; the optimal cutoff value (in µg/l) appears to be equal to the patient's age (in years) multiplied by ten in patients over 50 years of age with a low pretest clinical risk of venous thromboembolism. This age-adjusted cutoff value has been extensively and externally validated in retrospective studies that included mostly outpatients with suspected deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and used various quantitative D-dimer assays. All available studies confirmed the increased usefulness and similar safety of the age-adjusted cutoff compared with the conventional cutoff, the most important benefit being obtained in elderly patients. However, before any recommendation for clinical practice can be made, a prospective diagnostic management outcome study is lacking, in which all low clinical risk patients with D-dimer levels below their age-adjusted cutoff would be left untreated with no further diagnostic testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".