Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibody 4C8 Recognizing the Protein Huntingtin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a dominantly inherited, devastating neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a polyglutamine expansion (>37) in the N-terminal region of huntingtin, a protein of unknown function. In patients and normal individuals, N-terminal fragments of huntingtin are found, and the N-terminal fragments of mutant huntingtin are cytotoxic. The functions of wild-type huntingtin and the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of mutant huntingtin are still ill defined. To get more insight into these topics, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are indispensable tools. Antibodies raised against the N-terminus are especially important. Among these, the 4C8 mouse MAb has been extensively used in various approaches. In this study, we have mapped the epitope of 4C8 to a 15-amino acid (aa) region spanning from aa 443 to 457 of the human protein, and found that mutation of three consecutive glutamic acids present in this region disrupts the recognition by 4C8. These results allow a more accurate interpretation of the results obtained by usage of the 4C8 antibody and broaden the utility of this antibody.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".