Use of Nitrogen as a Blowing Agent for the Production of Fine‐Celled High‐Density Polyethylene Foams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Summary:While many experiments have been performed to examine the effects of administering CO2as a blowing agent in the foaming process, very few studies have investigated the use of N2for this purpose. In this study, foaming experiments were conducted in extrusion using HDPE as a polymeric material and N2as a blowing agent. Talc was used as a nucleating agent, and three different pressure‐drop rates were applied to study the effects of pressure‐drop rates on HDPE foams. The experimental results revealed that the void fraction of high‐density foams blown with N2was not affected by the die temperature, contrasting the situation in low‐density foams. Surprisingly, it was the cell density which determined the void fraction of high‐density foams. It was also found that the use of talc significantly increased the cell density and the void fraction of the foams and minimized the role played by the pressure‐drop rate in cell nucleation. Effect of N2content on the cell density of HDPE foams. magnified image Effect of N2content on the cell density of HDPE foams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".