Effect of depth-dependent modulation transfer function and K-fluorescence reabsorption on the detective quantum efficiency of indirect-conversion flat-panel x-ray imaging systems using CsI
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A theory of the imaging behavior of structured phosphor layers is developed based on linear analysis and Carlo model modeling and tested by comparison with experiments. The experiments include: the evaluation of Swank factor; modulation transfer function (MTF) measured as a function of spatial frequency f on CsI phosphor layers of different thicknesses and optical properties (e.g. presence or absence of reflective backing layer). These measurements on structured screens were used to establish phosphor parameters (e.g. absorption and scattering lengths). In addition, MTF(f), Wiener noise power spectra [NPS(f)] and detective quantum efficiency [DQE(f)] measurements were obtained from the literature for x-ray image intensifiers and indirect conversion flat panel detectors constructed using CsI layers. These results were compared with the theory using the previously established phosphor parameters. The effects of K-fluorescence and depth dependence of the MTF on DQE (i.e. Lubberts' effect) were investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".