Tailor‐Made Antimicrobial/Antiviral Star Polymer via ATRP of Cyclodextrin and Guanidine‐Based Macromonomer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel star‐like polymers are prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) macromonomer and acrylamide (AM) using β‐cyclodextrin (CD) with 8‐active and 5‐active sites as a macroinitiator. The resulting star‐like polymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR and are used for deactivating bacteria and viruses. It is found that star polymers with comparable amounts of PHMG possess excellent antimicrobial activity, which, however, strongly depends on the topological structure (i.e., the arm number and the monomer ratio) of the composing copolymers. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized polymers are investigated against Escherichia coli in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), whereas the antiviral activity of star copolymers is assessed via a plaque assay against non‐enveloped adenovirus (ADV). The results show that the highest antimicrobial activity is achieved by the star‐like copolymer with the monomer ratio of 20:3 (AM:PHGM, mol/mol), while the number of functional arms is fixed at 8. The incorporation of PHMG also renders the star copolymer highly antiviral, thus permitting it to be used as an effective antibacterial/antiviral agent for various applications. image
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".