Spontaneous emission in long-range surface plasmon-polariton amplifiers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of amplified spontaneous emission are conducted on a long-range surface plasmon-polariton amplifier consisting of a symmetric metallic waveguide incorporating a gain medium in the form of optically pumped dye molecules in solution. An effective input noise power per unit bandwidth of $7.47\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ fW/Hz is measured at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=876$ nm, which is 3.3 times larger than the theoretical minimum for phase-insensitive optical amplifiers. A semiclassical theoretical model describing the amplified spontaneous emission of long-range surface plasmonpolaritons (and other types of surface plasmon modes) is proposed, finding good agreement with experimental results. It is shown that the amplifier's low noise follows from a low spontaneous emission rate of long-range surface plasmonpolaritons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".