Summer school on board an Arctic icebreaker
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been reported widely that the climate in the Arctic is changing rapidly, maybe faster there than anywhere else. In addition, northern sea ice is shrinking, especially in the coastal seas of the Russian Arctic, such as the Laptev Sea. Since 2002, the International Arctic Research Center (IARC), based at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, has been recording long‐term oceanographic observations in this region through the Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observation System (NABOS) project. In 2005, the annual NABOS expedition was conducted in parallel with a summer school on board the icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn. This was the third IARC‐supported summer school.Two previous summer schools were held in Fairbanks. A total of 24 university students and early career scientists had been chosen, out of about 140 summer school applicants: six from the United States, five from Russia, five from Canada, two from Norway and one each from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, New Zealand, and Sweden.Vladimir Alexeev of IARC, the author of this meeting report, served as the director of the school; Louis Fortier of Laval University (Quebec City, Canada) was co‐director.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.055 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".