Chorioretinal atrophy in a patient with moyamoya disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is characterized by constrictions of segments of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and a resultant abnormal anastomotic network. In the literature, visual disturbances from cerebrovascular accidents in patients with moyamoya disease have been described, but very few reports of intraocular pathological conditions have been published. The authors describe a patient with moyamoya disease who presented with chorioretinal atrophy; an association between these two diseases has not previously been reported in the literature. Findings of a clinical ophthalmological evaluation and angiographic series are presented. During the fundic examination, evidence of chorioretinal atrophy was found in this patient. Choroidal vascular insufficiency was revealed by intravenous fluorescein angiography and occlusion of the ICAs proximal to the origin of the posterior communicating arteries by selective carotid and vertebral arteriography. The vertebrobasilar system provided anastomotic connections via the posterior communicating arteries. This is the first case report of chorioretinal atrophy associated with moyamoya disease. It is believed that the vasoocclusive effects of moyamoya disease may predispose the patient to atrophic changes in the peripheral retina. The development of an anastomotic network precludes the progression of this fundic anomaly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".