Parasite‐induced alterations of host behaviour in a riverine fish: the effects of glochidia on host dispersal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Parasitic species can affect host behaviour in various ways. Freshwater mussels of the superfamily U nionoidea have a glochidia larva that is parasitic on fish. Our aim was to evaluate whether fish exposed to glochidia have distinct behaviour that could affect the upstream dispersal of the parasite. Many freshwater mussels are highly endangered, and understanding the relationships with their hosts is important for their conservation. However, research on the behavioural effects of parasitism on fish host activity and/or the upstream dispersal of mussel larvae in nature has received little attention. Specifically, we examined a fish (the chub, S qualius cephalus ) that hosts the larval stage of a freshwater bivalve ( A nodonta anatina ) and investigated alterations in host behaviour induced by the parasite. One laboratory and two field experiments were conducted using passive integrated transponder systems and radio‐telemetry. Infected fish were generally less active in the laboratory and, in the field, dispersed less far upstream. Moreover, radio‐telemetry revealed a habitat shift by the infected fish, which were found further from the riverbank. We suggest that behavioural changes in the fish that are induced by glochidia do not facilitate the long‐distance dispersal of the mussel but rather cause reductions in fish activity and slight habitat shifts. Possible consequences of such behavioural alterations are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".