The effects of heating on the behaviour of<i>Oxytricha bifaria</i>(Ciliophora, Hypotrichida)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental populations of the ciliate Oxytricha bifaria grown at 24°C were exposed to progressively higher temperatures in a thermally isotropic environment. Their behaviour was monitored and an ethogram was drawn for each step of the warming process (24, 29, and 34°C), as well as for three further periods of time after the temperature was brought back to the initial 24°C. As the temperature increased, (i) the percentage of mobile cells decreased (significantly at 34°C), (ii) their periods of immobilisation were more frequent; (iii) their average creeping velocity did not change; (iv) the radius of the arcs and the length of both the linear segments and the arcs decreased; (v) the frequency of the "side-stepping reaction" increased progressively, and (vi) it was often performed as bursts of reactions. Moreover, (vii) a new behavioural pattern, the "maximum-rotation reaction," was performed. When the ciliates were brought back to 24°C, their behavioural parameters, except for general mobility, did not return to normal values during the first 90 min. Linear heating of the experimental populations of O. bifaria induced nonlinear and time-stable effects on their behaviour (12 out of 17 parameters actually changed at 34°C).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".