Surface Interpenetrating Networks of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Polyamides for Effective Biocidal Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were modified by diffusing vinyl amide monomers, divinyl crosslinker N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and photoinitiator benzophenone (BP) into the surface of the PET substrate, which was swollen in a mutual solvent. Subsequent in situ photo‐polymerization resulted in the stable entrapment of the polyamides within the surface of the PET. The PET/polyamide systems produced by this technique were physically inseparable except by melting or dissolving PET. It is referred to as a sequential interpenetrating polymer network (IPN): thermoplastic semi‐IPN. Analyses of these materials by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the successful incorporation of polyamide and revealed that the polyamide is also uniformly distributed along the PET yarns. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) indicated a certain degree of phase‐mixed structure between PET and polyacrylamide, despite the thermodynamic incompatibility of two polymers, which could be induced to separate upon heating above the melting point of PET. These materials were stable upon Soxhlet extraction with distilled water for 72 h, and also with methanol for 24 more hours. After being converted to N‐halamine via chlorine bleaching, these materials can bring 100% reduction of the hospital acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus within 10 min contact. magnified image
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".