Localized relaxation in a glass and the minimum in its orientational polarization contribution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dielectric permittivity and loss spectra of the glassy state of 5-methyl-2-hexanol obtained by quenching it from the liquid state has been studied. In one experiment, the spectra were studied at different temperatures as the quenched sample was heated at 0.1 K/min from 105.3 to 160.5 K. In the second experiment, the quenched sample was heated from 77 to 131.6 K and kept at that temperature for 14.6 ks. The relaxation rate, fm,β, the dielectric relaxation strength, Δεβ, and the distribution of relaxation time parameters, α and β, for the Johari–Goldstein process were determined. The parameter β was found to be equal to 1 and independent of both the temperature and time, Δεβ initially decreased on increasing the temperature, reached a minimum value at ∼145.6 K, and then increased. The plot of fm,β against the reciprocal temperature decreased in slope and at ∼140 K became linear. This indicates that fm,β increases on structural relaxation. In the course of the annealing at 131.6 K, Δεβ of the quenched sample decreased with time, approaching a plateau value. It is described by an equation, Δεβ(t)=Δεβ(t→∞)+[Δεβ(t=0)−Δεβ(t→∞)]exp[−(t/τ)], where t is the time, and τ (=3.5 ks) is the characteristic time. It is pointed out that contrary to the earlier finding, o-terphenyl shows a β relaxation in the equilibrium liquid state. A consideration of dielectric permittivity arising from small-angle motions of all molecules, which has been suggested as an alternative mechanism for the localized motions seen as β relaxation, indicates that this mechanism is inconsistent with the known increase in the equilibrium permittivity on cooling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it